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  • This dataset consists of navigational data from hot-air balloon flights and are a potential source of wind data in the atmospheric boundary layer. The data is provided on voluntary basis by professional balloonists. The dataset was compiled for the PhD thesis with DOI: 10.18174/589639. The PhD thesis is about the application of hot air balloon tracks as a potential source of wind data in the lower kilometer of the atmosphere. Balloon flights from the archives of balloonists were studied and interesting wind patterns were explained with respect to their meteorological background. The motion of a hot air balloon was studied as well as the inertia of the balloon after changing winds. A field experiment was conducted in the Netherlands to collect data using a smartphone app, which was used to determine balloon wind data. Verification with the 200m high Cabauw tower measurements yielded positive results. Balloon dynamics were studied with an accurate wind meter mounted under the balloon basket. Next, verification and impact studies were performed with two weather models to demonstrate the applicability of the hot air balloon wind data.

  • Historic gridded files of daily Makkink evaporation for 1910-2015 in the Netherlands. Calculated from sunshine duration (1951-1981) and radiation (1981-2015). The number of observations varies: 1910-1981 (5), 1981-2015 (35). Transformed to KNMI14 climate scenario 2085 GL.

  • This dataset is constructed using measurements of sensors for seawatertemperatures, waveperiodes and -heights. The dataset is neither validated nor are missing values completed.

  • A gridded 50-member ensemble of precipitation forecasts that are created using a tree-based machine learning method, quantile regression forests, and inputs from the deterministic Harmonie-Arome (HA) forecasts. The target data set is rain-gauge-adjusted radar data that is upscaled by taking 3x3 km means and then a maximum is taken in a 7.5 x 7.5 km box. Inputs to the machine learning model include HA precipitation, and indices of atmospheric instability. Spatial and temporal dependencies are restored using the Schaake Shuffle. Forecasts are available during the extended summer period (mid-April to mid-October). Hourly forecasts are issued 4 times per day (00, 06, 12 en 18 UTC) for 48-hours into the future.

  • Archive of volume data of all polarimetric radar variables, including those related to quality for the radar in Herwijnen. Time interval is 5 minutes. Data have been archived in one .tar file per day.

  • Gridded files of radar-derived 5 minute precipitation accumulations, corrected by rain gauge data. Radar data from 1500 m over the Netherlands and surrounding area measured by Dutch, Belgian, and German radars are corrected by available data from automatic and manual rain gauges. Time interval is 5 minutes. Starting with data from 31 January 2023 - 10.45 UTC onwards, this dataset is created using improved algorithms. This includes correction for signal attenuation, correction for vertical variation of precipitation, correction for fast-moving showers and use of uncertainty information in merging data from multiple radars.

  • Climatological radar rainfall dataset of 1 hour precipitation depths at a 2.4-km grid, which have been adjusted employing validated and complete rain gauge data from both KNMI rain gauge networks. This dataset is updated once a month providing data up to a few months ago.

  • Wind profiles derived from radar radial velocity measurements for the radar in Den Helder. Time interval is 5 minutes. See data set radar_tar_wind_prof_denhelder/1.0 for an archive that goes back to 2008.

  • Gridded files of radar-derived 24 hour precipitation accumulations, corrected by rain gauge data. Radar data from 1500 m over the Netherlands and surrounding area measured are corrected by data from KNMI's 325 manual rain gauges. Time interval is 1 day, from 8 to 8 UTC. KNMI has detected measurement anomalies caused by a defect in some rain gauges for manual precipitation observation. It concerns data from the second half of 2012 until present. At this moment KNMI is assessing the extent of the problem and investigates the options to repair the defect as soon as possible. For more information use the KNMI contact form (www.knmi.nl/contact).

  • The European climatological gauge-adjusted radar precipitation dataset, EURADCLIM, addresses the need for an accurate (sub-)daily precipitation product covering 8000000 square kilometers of Europe at high spatial resolution. It consists of 1-h and 24-h precipitation accumulations (every clock-hour) at a 2-km grid for the period 2013 through 2020. It is based on the European Meteorological Network (EUMETNET) Operational Program on the Exchange of weather RAdar Information (OPERA) gridded radar dataset of 15-min instantaneous surface rain rates. For EURADCLIM, first methods have been applied to further remove non-meteorological echoes from these images by applying two statistical methods and a satellite-based cloud type mask. Second, the radar composites are merged with the rain gauge data from the European Climate Assessment & Dataset (ECA&D) in order to substantially improve its quality. We expect to rerun EURADCLIM once a year over the entire period, using all available ECA&D rain gauge data, and extend it with one year of data. This will result in a new version of this dataset.